The Gaia missionary work ’s second data limit has finally been published and it importantly improves the already impressiveoriginal datareleased in 2016 . The charge ’s goal for the first datum liberation was to measure the posture of 1 billion stars and the speed of a humble fraction of that . In this new release , Gaia has hold out beyond those targets , jumping nearer to the last five long time ' objective .
The new datum contains about 1.69 billion swooning sources and their luminance . Gaia , a European Space Agency space observatory launched in 2013 , has evaluate the berth , length , and movement of 1.3 billion headliner . It also measure their colors , which will be extremely useful for working out their property . A hi - res map can be seenhere .
The military mission was also open of appraise the stellate speed of about 7 million star , which tells us if the superstar is moving towards or aside from us . This can be used to construct map of starring motion within the Milky Way . And combined with the rest of the info , it is key to creating an animated 3D map of our galaxy .
“ It might look like a modest identification number liken to other expectant ones but it defend the biggest radiate velocity survey ever carry out over the whole sky , " Anthony Brown , from the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium , say during a insistency conference . " This is a marvellous new addition . ”
There is no doubt of the technical capabilities of the investigation . In about one minute Gaia measures around 100,000 hotshot . It take Gaia about two month to fancy the entire sky and this is done over and over again to increase precision , and each star is imaged about 70 times . The multiple takes are key to improvement .
“ We are actually achieving a spacial firmness of purpose all over the sky which is very like to the one of the Hubble Space Telescope , ” Brown state .
The extra information and more refined depth psychology meant the astronomers could produce a more comprehensive survey of our galaxy than they did two long time ago . Among the particularly challenging unexampled feature is the clear distribution , below the pith of the Milky Way of the Sagittarius dwarf , a companion galaxy to our own that ’s being cannibalized by the Milky Way .
The other clear betterment is that the map is now in color . The main image is not a photograph . It was reconstructed using the novel color measurements and posture of all the stars . The color also allowed the uranologist to progress a map of the distribution of gasoline and dust throughout the Milky Way . But Gaia does n’t just focus on stars .
The mission is sensitive to all moving objective in the sky and has allowed for some deep depth psychology of our immediate neighborhood . The new data expiration from Gaia also includes 14,000 object that belong to to the Solar System .
“ It present the most accurate resume ever of asteroids in the Solar System . In some cases these two years of data can compete with hundreds of days of data hoard , ” Brown explained .
The team hopes to roll up more data on the nearby asteroids , like colors , for example . That will let astronomer to characterize these space rock ‘n’ roll more accurately and maybe help to unlock new information about the organisation of the Solar System .
“ The observations collected by Gaia are redefining the foundations of astronomy , ” aver Günther Hasinger , the European Space Agency ’s Director of Science , in astatement . “ Gaia is an ambitious mission that relies on a Brobdingnagian human collaboration to make sense of a large mass of highly complex data . It demonstrates the need for foresighted - term projects to vouch progress in space science and engineering and to enforce even more audacious scientific mission of the coming decades . ”
Gaia sports an incredible 1 - billion - pixel television camera . The photographic camera is so precise that it can work out the sizing of a coin on the Moon and is so raw that it can detect objects 500,000 times fainter than the human center ’s bound . Two further datum dismission are plan for Gaia , an intermediate one in late 2020 , and then a final one in 2022 .
The ambitious final goal hopes to attain a disc of the position and motion of 2 billion lead as well as additional information , like astral character . The team hope to train an panoptic list of variable stars and exoplanet - host genius , along with radial velocity measurements for more than 150 million stars .
